It is believed that Wiltshire Horn sheep originally descended from the wild European Moulflour of the Corsican and Sardinian coast, that were brought to Britain by the Romans. That being said, hard documentary evidence that substantiates their existence in the Wiltshire Downs region does not exist until the 18th century. Their history dates back to at least 250 years ago. These sheep grazed the rich valleys and marginal hilltops, which accounts for their sound structure and adaptability. Wiltshire Horns have influenced the development of other breeds including the Dorset Horn and Southdown.
Wiltshire Horns are large-framed sheep, with short fleece that naturally sheds in warmer months. For breeders, this is ideal as there is no time spent gathering sheep for shearing, dagging or dipping. This is extremely economic in a financial climate where the wool production industry is experiencing a decline. Their long carcase yields meat that is known to be deep in eye muscle, extremely flavoursome and without excess fat. Lambs are able to produce this high standard of meat and still grow to heavy weights.
Ewes are known for their milkiness and easy lambing abilities. They can also adapt to indoor and outdoor management systems. Lambing percentages are generally 180 percent or higher, as it is common for ewes to produce twins and triplets in pregnancies subsequent to their first. Sometimes, Wiltshires serve as maternal sires to produce first cross Wiltshire x Merino ewes.
Wiltshire Horns are a popular choice in cross breeding ventures. Rams are bred primarily as terminal sires due to their capacity to perpetuate lively lambs that finish at rapid rates. They are also an ideal selection in commercial flocks where wool shedding traits are sought. Mature rams typically weigh over 100 kilograms, while mature ewes can reach weights of over 80 kilograms.
Other common traits in Wiltshire Horn sheep include high fertility, large frames, horns, excellent muscling, strong hybrid vigour and an ability to perform well in marginal conditions. They have become particularly popular with small holder farms due to their ‘easy care' qualities. They are also ideal in organic operations as they do not require the use of chemicals in management.
Wiltshire Horns first arrived in Australia in 1952 and have experienced a varied history - at one point, they appeared on the Australian endangered species list. In 2004, they had the third highest number of studs among the British breeds. Their revival had much to do with small groups of dedicated breeders.
The Australian Wiltshire Horn Breeders Association aim to develop and promote the Wiltshire Horn breed within Australia.
