The Shire Horse developed in England and its roots can be traced back to the Great Horse that emerged in England after 1066. The Great Horses had enormous strength and carried armoured knights into Battle. In the 16th century, breeders concentrated on developing even stronger war horses and laws were passed that ensured only superior stock would procreate.
In the second half of the 16th century, these heavy horses were used to pull wagons and coaches across the country and for other laborious activities. Flanders and Fresian bloodlines were infused with the working horses. The result was a more refined horse with improved movement. By this time they were known as English Draught or English Black horses.
The breed continued to be developed and refined, notably in the Midlands. By 1878 a pedigree society was established for the breed, but it wasn't until 1884 that the breed was officially given the title of Shire. America had been importing Shires since the mid 19th century and American Shire Horse Association was founded in 1885. Although Shire Horses were used in both World Wars, numbers slowly dwindled during the Industrial Revolution. However there has been a resurgence in the past few decades.
Today, Shires are sometimes used in agricultural activities in conjunction with mechanical power. They are also used in promotions for breweries. Sometimes, they are cross-bred with Thoroughbreds to develop heavy, hunting types. Additionally, they compete in draught horse competitions.
Shire Hores typically stand around 17 hands high and weigh around 1000 kilograms. Common coat colours include black, brown, bay or gray. Shires generally have short, muscular backs, long, slightly arched necks and deep shoulders. White ‘stockings' on the legs are also a distinctive feature.
The Shire Horse Society of Australia was founded in 1978 and incorporated in 2004. The society holds the studbook for Shire horses in Australia and aims to protect and promote this historic breed.
