Some sources suggest that the original cattle in Britain were ancestors of the Devon breed. This makes it one of the oldest breeds in existence due to their supposed prehistoric heritage. Devon cattle originate from England's Devonshire region, in counties such as Somerset, Cornwall and Dorset. Devon cattle first arrived in North America as far back as 1623.
Traditionally, the Devon was considered a dual-purpose breed. More recently however, breeding programs have focused on developing a beef type. Although there is a milking strain, this line is unique to America.
Devon coat colour varies between dark red to light chestnut, however the darker red is more common. In winter, their coat is long and curly, and in hotter temperatures, their coats shed to become short. Although Devon cattle were originally horned, recent times have seen polled herds become more popular. Mature bulls can weigh up to 220 pounds, while mature cows can weigh as much as 1300 pounds.
The breed is known for its foraging abilities, high fertility, easy calving, parasite resistance (due to thick hides), early maturity and capacity to adapt to climatic extremes. Rapid weight gain and early fattening are also characteristic. The scrotums of Devon bulls exhibit a unique heat-regulating system, enabling them to stay fertile in extremely hot conditions. They can perform well in a range of management systems, be it feedlot or pastoral environments. The beef they produce is known to be tender and flavoursome. Devon cattle have been ideal candidates in cross-breeding programs. They have contributed to the development of some composite breeds including the Afrikaner and Droughtmaster. Japanese Wagyu cattle have also benefited from the influence of Devon.
Devon cattle first arrived in Australia in 1800's. Although William Kent of Tasmania is recognised for introducing them here, it is believed that Devon cattle arrived here much earlier - unfortunately there are no official records to prove this. The first herd book was published in 1929 and in 1935, the first president of the Devon Society was elected. It is now known as the Devon Cattle Breeder's Society of Australia. Today, this breed is predominantly found in the rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia.
Today, Devon cattle are distributed throughout Europe, the United States, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.
